SF-M2 | Cross-Cutting Concepts
Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used.
NGSS Cross-Cutting Concepts
Find free, ready-to-teach resources aligned to SF-M2. Designed with teachers and artists, in partnership with STEM researchers.
SF-M2 | Cross-Cutting Concepts
Structures can be designed to serve particular functions by taking into account properties of different materials, and how materials can be shaped and used.
Created with purpose: see how resources connect to this standard.
Showing 3 of 3 units
The Science of Craft: Building New Materials with Old Techniques
STEM is older and more expansive than you might imagine. Crafted materials, like knit sweaters and woven baskets, were our ancestors’ solutions to everyday problems. In this lesson, we learn the geometry and physics of traditional crafts, and explore how these technologies help us engineer new solutions for the future!
Alignment summary( Target)
Lesson 1
Students explore the purpose of crafting materials into new structural shapes (e.g., using reeds to make woven baskets creates a new functional structure that was not possible before the reeds were woven.) Students learn that the chemical properties of mechanical metamaterials remain the same before and after crafting, while their physical properties change.
Included resources
3 lessons and 5 supporting media items.
Lesson 2
Supporting videos
Electric Crystals: Exploring how crystal symmetry can power everyday life

Crystals aren't magic, but they are amazing! In this student-driven, lecture-free lesson, students will do card sorts, build hands-on models, solve engineering design puzzles, and more! The whole experience is connected through a beautifully crafted comic and supporting videos.
Alignment summary( Connected)
Lesson 4
Through discussions of amorphous solids and crystals with and without the piezoelectric effect, students envision uses for each type of material based on their properties.
Included resources
4 lessons and 3 supporting media items.

Lesson 1



Photon Engineers: Tinkering with Light

Embark on a journey through time and space to understand what light really is and how humans use it. From starting fires with sunlight, to sending messages to other planets, to current research in photonics, students will become more curious about light in their daily lives!
Alignment summary( Connected)
Lesson 5
In Lesson 2, students are prompted to design their own lens from a raw material, taking into account its intended usage, available materials, and manufacturing challenges. Again, in Lesson 5, students consider how they might use materials to manipulate light to solve a real world problem.
Included resources
5 lessons and 7 supporting media items.


